Iran’s new penal code was finally approved by the Guardian Council, a body of clerics and lawyers in charge of approving legislation, in February 2012. Once the new penal code is signed by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and published in the official gazette, it will officially replace the current penal code.
The Iranian government purports that the new penal code abolishes the execution of children under eighteen. However, this claim does not stand up to examination: under the new penal code, juvenile execution is still not fully abolished.
This article provides some background regarding juvenile execution in Iran and examines relevant articles in the new penal code.
Juvenile Execution Under the Previous Penal Code
Iran is among the few countries in the world that still practice juvenile execution. Under the previous penal code, which will be rendered null if the new one is signed and published, the age of criminal responsibility is the same as the age of “puberty,” which is defined as nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. A lunar year is approximately equal to 354 days. Hence, according to the previous law, if a nine-year-old girl committed a crime, she would be charged as an adult.
Unfortunately, within the previous penal code, inhumane punishments such as stoning, amputation, and flogging were allotted for a variety of crimes.
The previous penal code categorized crimes into five different groups according to their punishments. The punishment types are differentiated by their theological, judicial, or legislative origins. Three of these categories included capital offenses:
1.Qesas is a retributive form of punishment specified in sharia (i.e., Islamic law) in which the punishment should be equal to the crime. Qesas is essentially the concept of “an eye for an eye.” Thus the penalty for homicide, which is categorized as a qesas crime, is death unless the victim’s family accepts financial compensation, called blood money or diyeh.
2.Hodoud is a punishment for which the degree and type has been specified in sharia. The death penalty can be imposed for some hodoud crimes, such as certain degrees of adultery, lavat or sodomy, moharebeh or “enmity against God,” and “spreading corruption on earth.”
3.Ta’zir is a punishment for which the degree and type has not been specified in sharia but rather is left to the discretion of the judge. Narcotic smuggling is a ta’zir crime punished by death under Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Law.
International Pressure and Iran’s Reaction
For more than 20 years, Iranian civil society and the international community have objected to the Islamic Republic’s use of the death penalty on offenders under the age of eighteen. This act is in clear breach of Iran’s obligation under international law and the various treaties, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Iran has joined.
In response to internal and international pressure, Iran began a policy of keeping juvenile offenders in prison until they reached the age of eighteen and then executing them. However, this policy continued to fly in the face of the international prohibition on juvenile execution because the prohibition applies to the execution of offenders that were under eighteen at the time of the crime, not the time of the execution.
The former head of the judiciary, Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, issued circulars in 2003 and 2008 in which he requested that judges not issue execution verdicts for children under eighteen. However, neither of these circulars successfully ended juvenile executions as many judges did not abide by them, using the justification that the law superseded the circular, which they found to be in conflict with the law.
Facing internal and external pressure, in August 2009 the Parliament finally ratified a draft of a new penal code which purported to abolish the execution of children under eighteen. However, for years the Guardian Council did not approve the draft code, and the bill was returned to the Majlis in November 2011 under the justification that it breached sharia. Finally, the Guardian Council approved the new penal code in February 2012.
Juvenile Execution Under the New Penal Code
The new penal code largely maintains the same categories of crimes, and the new punishments are more or less the same. Some of the elements of certain crimes, including adultery and sodomy, have, however, changed.
Nonetheless, with the approval of this new penal code, the Iranian government proudly announced that it had abolished the execution of children under eighteen. However, according to articles 145 and 146 of the new penal code, the age of criminal responsibility is still “puberty,” meaning nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. Hence, the age of criminal responsibility has not changed at all in the new penal code.
Under article 87, executions for discretionary punishments, the majority of which are for trafficking narcotics, have indeed been abolished for children under eighteen and have been replaced with other punishments or correctional measures, such as referring the child to a psychologist, to a cultural or educational center, to the Center for Addiction and Mental Health, or to the Juvenile Correctional Facility. The latter can only be applied to children between twelve and eighteen years of age.
Although article 87 abolishes juvenile executions for certain crimes, it is not yet clear what effect the new penal code will have on other types of crimes. While most executions in Iran are for drug crimes, most juvenile executions are for qesas homicide-related crimes, such as cases where a fight occurs and a child is stabbed to death.
Article 90 of the new penal code stipulates that legally “mature” individuals under eighteen (i.e., boys between the ages of fifteen and eighteen and girls between the ages of nine and eighteen) who are convicted of hodoud and qesas crimes may be exempted from adult sentences—including the death penalty—only if it is established that they were not mentally mature and developed at the time of committing the crime, and could not recognize and appreciate the nature and consequences of their actions.
Thus, this article gives judges the discretion to decide whether a child has understood the nature of the crime and therefore whether he or she can be sentenced to death.
Conclusion
The new penal code is an improvement over the previous penal code in some aspects. Juvenile execution is abolished for ta’zir crimes, thus limiting the crimes for which under-eighteen offenders can be punished. Moreover, juvenile offenders charged with hodoud or qesas crimes could have the chance of evading executions as the death penalty is no longer mandatory for these offenses if the judge determines the juvenile did not have the requisite mental maturity.
Nonetheless, the new law does not completely abolish juvenile executions and falls short of requirements under international law. The law still maintains the age of criminal responsibility at nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. It still permits the use of the death penalty against juvenile offenders in hodoud or qesas crimes.
As such, the new penal code can only be considered a step towards abolishing juvenile execution in Iran. Iranian authorities need to amend legislation further before they can truly claim to have abolished juvenile executions and to be following international human rights law on the matter.
________
Narges Tavassolian is a human rights lawyer. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Law at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2012/02/new-penal-code-commentary/
۱۳۹۰ اسفند ۹, سهشنبه
My Article on Juvenile Execution Under Iran’s New Penal Code ( The English Version )
Iran’s new penal code was finally approved by the Guardian Council, a body of clerics and lawyers in charge of approving legislation, in February 2012. Once the new penal code is signed by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and published in the official gazette, it will officially replace the current penal code.
The Iranian government purports that the new penal code abolishes the execution of children under eighteen. However, this claim does not stand up to examination: under the new penal code, juvenile execution is still not fully abolished.
This article provides some background regarding juvenile execution in Iran and examines relevant articles in the new penal code.
Juvenile Execution Under the Previous Penal Code
Iran is among the few countries in the world that still practice juvenile execution. Under the previous penal code, which will be rendered null if the new one is signed and published, the age of criminal responsibility is the same as the age of “puberty,” which is defined as nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. A lunar year is approximately equal to 354 days. Hence, according to the previous law, if a nine-year-old girl committed a crime, she would be charged as an adult.
Unfortunately, within the previous penal code, inhumane punishments such as stoning, amputation, and flogging were allotted for a variety of crimes.
The previous penal code categorized crimes into five different groups according to their punishments. The punishment types are differentiated by their theological, judicial, or legislative origins. Three of these categories included capital offenses:
1.Qesas is a retributive form of punishment specified in sharia (i.e., Islamic law) in which the punishment should be equal to the crime. Qesas is essentially the concept of “an eye for an eye.” Thus the penalty for homicide, which is categorized as a qesas crime, is death unless the victim’s family accepts financial compensation, called blood money or diyeh.
2.Hodoud is a punishment for which the degree and type has been specified in sharia. The death penalty can be imposed for some hodoud crimes, such as certain degrees of adultery, lavat or sodomy, moharebeh or “enmity against God,” and “spreading corruption on earth.”
3.Ta’zir is a punishment for which the degree and type has not been specified in sharia but rather is left to the discretion of the judge. Narcotic smuggling is a ta’zir crime punished by death under Iran’s Anti-Narcotics Law.
International Pressure and Iran’s Reaction
For more than 20 years, Iranian civil society and the international community have objected to the Islamic Republic’s use of the death penalty on offenders under the age of eighteen. This act is in clear breach of Iran’s obligation under international law and the various treaties, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Iran has joined.
In response to internal and international pressure, Iran began a policy of keeping juvenile offenders in prison until they reached the age of eighteen and then executing them. However, this policy continued to fly in the face of the international prohibition on juvenile execution because the prohibition applies to the execution of offenders that were under eighteen at the time of the crime, not the time of the execution.
The former head of the judiciary, Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, issued circulars in 2003 and 2008 in which he requested that judges not issue execution verdicts for children under eighteen. However, neither of these circulars successfully ended juvenile executions as many judges did not abide by them, using the justification that the law superseded the circular, which they found to be in conflict with the law.
Facing internal and external pressure, in August 2009 the Parliament finally ratified a draft of a new penal code which purported to abolish the execution of children under eighteen. However, for years the Guardian Council did not approve the draft code, and the bill was returned to the Majlis in November 2011 under the justification that it breached sharia. Finally, the Guardian Council approved the new penal code in February 2012.
Juvenile Execution Under the New Penal Code
The new penal code largely maintains the same categories of crimes, and the new punishments are more or less the same. Some of the elements of certain crimes, including adultery and sodomy, have, however, changed.
Nonetheless, with the approval of this new penal code, the Iranian government proudly announced that it had abolished the execution of children under eighteen. However, according to articles 145 and 146 of the new penal code, the age of criminal responsibility is still “puberty,” meaning nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. Hence, the age of criminal responsibility has not changed at all in the new penal code.
Under article 87, executions for discretionary punishments, the majority of which are for trafficking narcotics, have indeed been abolished for children under eighteen and have been replaced with other punishments or correctional measures, such as referring the child to a psychologist, to a cultural or educational center, to the Center for Addiction and Mental Health, or to the Juvenile Correctional Facility. The latter can only be applied to children between twelve and eighteen years of age.
Although article 87 abolishes juvenile executions for certain crimes, it is not yet clear what effect the new penal code will have on other types of crimes. While most executions in Iran are for drug crimes, most juvenile executions are for qesas homicide-related crimes, such as cases where a fight occurs and a child is stabbed to death.
Article 90 of the new penal code stipulates that legally “mature” individuals under eighteen (i.e., boys between the ages of fifteen and eighteen and girls between the ages of nine and eighteen) who are convicted of hodoud and qesas crimes may be exempted from adult sentences—including the death penalty—only if it is established that they were not mentally mature and developed at the time of committing the crime, and could not recognize and appreciate the nature and consequences of their actions.
Thus, this article gives judges the discretion to decide whether a child has understood the nature of the crime and therefore whether he or she can be sentenced to death.
Conclusion
The new penal code is an improvement over the previous penal code in some aspects. Juvenile execution is abolished for ta’zir crimes, thus limiting the crimes for which under-eighteen offenders can be punished. Moreover, juvenile offenders charged with hodoud or qesas crimes could have the chance of evading executions as the death penalty is no longer mandatory for these offenses if the judge determines the juvenile did not have the requisite mental maturity.
Nonetheless, the new law does not completely abolish juvenile executions and falls short of requirements under international law. The law still maintains the age of criminal responsibility at nine lunar years for girls and fifteen lunar years for boys. It still permits the use of the death penalty against juvenile offenders in hodoud or qesas crimes.
As such, the new penal code can only be considered a step towards abolishing juvenile execution in Iran. Iranian authorities need to amend legislation further before they can truly claim to have abolished juvenile executions and to be following international human rights law on the matter.
________
Narges Tavassolian is a human rights lawyer. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Law at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.
http://www.iranhumanrights.org/2012/02/new-penal-code-commentary/
۱۳۹۰ اسفند ۴, پنجشنبه
Let's Get Safe on the Internet
In the contested presidential election held in June 2009, millions of Iranians protested to the result of the election and many got imprisoned for this reason. Some of the protestors were tracked down through their cell phones. Issa Saharkhiz, an Iranian journalist and political activist, who was arrested in the aftermath of the 2009 election, accused Nokia Simons Company of providing the Iranian government the tools to spy on its own citizens. Saharkhiz is only one example of hundreds of activists who were traced down and arrested through their cellphones or emails. Moreover numerous activits, have been interrogated over their email or telephone communication with other activists.
Last week, I participated in a one-day-workshop organized by Article 19 on “Data vulnerability and Protection for Online Activists”. Participants’ main concerns were how to avoid getting hacked and traced through internet.
Below, are some of the questions which were raised during the day and I thought are worth to share with. The website in which the questions are answered is also available in other languages including Persian.
1. How to protect your computer from malware and hackers
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-1
2. How to protect your information from physical threats
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-2
3. How to create and maintain secure passwords
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-3
4. How to protect the sensitive files on your computer
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-4
5. How to recover from information loss
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-5
6. How to destroy sensitive information
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-6
7. How to keep your Internet communication private
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-7
8. How to remain anonymous and bypass censorship on the Internet
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-8
9. How to use mobile phones as securely as possible
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-9
10. How to protect yourself and your data when using social networking sites
https://security.ngoinabox.org/en/chapter-10
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۲۹, شنبه
گاهی شاهزاده ها هم بد قول میشوند...
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۲۶, چهارشنبه
My Article on the Execution of Children under the New Penal Code and That Why it's too Early to be Happy about it as it's NOt Yet Completely Abolished
سه شنبه ۲۵ بهمن ۱۳۹۰
تنها یک قدم...
نرگس توسلیان
قانون مجازات اسلامی سرانجام پس از سالها سرگردانی میان مجلس شورای اسلامی و شورای نگهبان، در ۸ بهمن ماه ۱۳۹۰، به تصویب رسید که پس از طی مراحل رسمی آن (از قبیل امضاء توسط ریس جمهور و درج در روزنامه رسمی کشور)، به طور رسمی جایگزین قانون فعلی خواهد شد. تصویب این قانون با تصور آن که اعدام کودکان زیر ۱۸ سال در قانون جدید لغو شده است، موجی از خوشحالی را در فضای مجازی و حقیقی ایجاد کرد. حال آن که متاسفانه هنوز مساله اعدام کودکان زیر ۱۸ سال در قانون جدید، به قوت خود باقی است.
قبل از وارد شدن به بحث اصلی در مورد اعدام افراد زیر ۱۸ سال در قانون جدید، باید دانست این قانون هم، همانند قوانین گذشته همچنان موقتی و تنها برای مدت پنج سال تصویب شده است.
ایران جز معدود کشور هایی است که اعدام کودکان زیر ۱۸ سال هم چنان در آن انجام میگیرد. قانون مجازات پیشین، سن مسولیت کیفری را "بلوغ شرعی" (۹ سال تمام قمری برای دختران و ۱۵ سال تمام قمری برای پسران ) میدانست.یعنی مطابق این قانون، چنان که دختری ۹ ساله مرتکب جرمی می شد، دقیقا همان مجازاتی را داشت که اگر یک زن ۵۰ ساله مرتکب می شد.
متاسفانه، در قانون کیفری مجازاتهای خشن و غیر انسانی از قبیل سنگسار، قطع عضو و شلاق وجود داشت. اعدام نیز برای بسیاری از جرایم در نظر گرفته شده بود.
به طور کلی جرایم،در قانون مجازات قبلی حسب نوع مجازات به پنج نوع : قصاص، حدود، دیات، تعزیرات و اقدامات تامینی و تربیتی تقسیم میشد.
مجازات اعدام در سه نوع قصاص، حدود و تعزیر وجود داشت.
قصاص شامل قتل عمد؛ حد شامل مواردی از زنا (رابطه خارج از ازدواج)، آعمال همجنسگرایانه (در صورت تکرار)، محاربه و افساد فی الارض بود. اعدام در تعزیرات هم بیشتر ناظر بر جرایم مربوط به مواد مخدر میشد. به عبارت دیگر، چنان چه دختری ۹ ساله و یا پسری ۱۵ ساله مرتکب هر یک از جرایم فوق میگشت، به مجازات اعدام محکوم میشد.
البته با این تفاوت که از آن جا که قصاص حق خصوصی تلقی شده است، در صورت گذشت خانواده مقتول یا قبول به دریافت دیه، حکم اعدام لغو میگشت.
در قانون مجازات جدید نیز، همین تقسیم بندی وجود دارد و مجازات ها نیز کمابیش در همین جرایم جاری است (البته برخی از شرایط زنا و لواط برای این که شامل حکم اعدام شود تغییر کرده است.)
اعدام کودکان زیر ۱۸ سال، همواره مورد اعتراض فعالان مدنی و جامعه بین المللی بوده است.
اما، جمهوری اسلامی ایران در قبال فشارهای داخلی و خارجی، همواره تنها به یک حربه متوسل گشته است و ان این که کودکان را تا رسیدن به سن هجده سال در زندان نگه میدارد، و آن گاه که به سن هجده سال رسیدند، آنان را به چوبه دار میسپارد. این رویه، نه تنها بر خلاف تعهدات بین المللی دولت ایران است، بلکه اعمال مجازات مضأعف به کودکان نیز هست. البته، مواردی هم بودند که با بخشش یا قبول پرداخت دیه از طرف خانواده مقتول، این نوجوانان از مجازات اعدام رهایی یافتند اما، اثرات محبوس بودن در سایه اعدام، چنان بر آنان اثر گذاشته بود که بیشرشان دیگر نتوانستند به زندگی عادی خویش بازگرداند و این افسردگی حتی منجر به خود کشی یکی از آنان شد.
محمود هاشمی شاهرودی، ریس پیشین قوه قضاییه، در سال های ۱۳۸۲ و ۱۳۸۷ طی بخشنامه ای به قضات کشور خواستار عدم اجرای حکم اعدام در مورد افراد زیر هجده سال شد. البته هیچ یک از این دو بخشنامه، موجب لغو کامل مجازات اعدام نشدند زیرا بسیاری از قضات با این استدلال که بخشنامه مخالف نص صریح قانون است، از اجرای ان سر با زدند.
با گسترش دامنه اعتراضات فعالان مدنی، وکلا و خبرنگاران، مجلس شورای اسلامی، در مرداد ماه سال ۱۳۸۸، لایحه ای را تصویب و به شورای نگهبان فرستاد. شورای نگهبان، با استدلال "مغایرت با شرع " با موادی از قانون جدید با ان مخالفت کرد و ان را دوباره به مجلس پس فرستاد. تا این که بالاخره پس از کشمکش های فراوان بین مجلس شورای اسلامی و شورای نگهبان , قانون مجازات جدید در ۷۳۷ ماده به تصویب رسید.
تصویب این قانون موقتی، موجی از خوش حالی را با این تصور که مجازات اعدام کودکان زیر ۱۸ سال لغو شده، ایجاد کرد.
اما نکته قابل توجه آن که در قانون جدید مطابق مواد ۱۴۵ و ۱۴۶، سن مسولیت کیفری همان سن بلوغ (نه سال تمام قمری برای دختر و پانزده ساله تمام قمری برای پسر) تعیین شده و از این جهت هیچ تغییری در قانون جدید ایجاد نشده است.
در قانون مجازات جدید اما (م ۸۷)، اعدام در جرایم تعزیری برای افراد زیر ۱۸ سال حذف و به مجازات و اقدامات دیگری تبدیل شده است. از قبیل :
تسلیم به والدین یا به اولیاء و یا سرپرست قانونی با اخذ تعهد به تادیب و تربیت و مواظبت در حسن اخلاق طفل یا نوجوان، معرفی طفل یا نوجوان به مددکار اجتماعی یا روان شناس و دیگر متخصصآن و همکاری با انها، فرستادن طفل یا نوجوان به یک موسسه آموزشی و فرهنگی به منظور تحصیل یا حرفه آموزی، اقدام لازم جهت درمان یا ترک اعتیاد طفل یا نوجوان تحت نظر پزشک، جلوگیری از معاشرت طفل یا نوجوان با اشخاصی که دادگاه ارتباط با ان ها را برای طفل یا نوجوان مضر تشخیص میدهد، جلوگیری از رفت و آمد طفل یا نوجوان به محل های معین و نگهداری در کانون اصلاح و تربیت). البته مورد آخر، تنها در مورد کودکان بین ۱۲ تا ۱۸ قابل اجرا خواهد بود." .
هر چند این ماده، گامی مثبت در جهت لغو مجازات اعدام است، اما، متاسفانه تمامی موارد اعدام کودکان را شامل نمیشود. چه آن که بیشتر موارد اعدام کودکان مربوط به قتل حاصل از نزاع های خیابانی و از نوع قصاص بوده است. پس باید دید که قانون مجازات اسلامی در این مورد چه میگوید.
ماده ۹۰ اما، عدم اجرای حکم اعدام در جرایم موجب حد یا قصاص، برای افراد بالغ کمتر از هجده سال را منوط به تشخص قاضی میداند. در این گونه موارد، قاضی باید تشخیص دهد که آنها " ماهیت جرم انجام شده و یا حرمت آن را درک نکرده و یا در رشد یا کمال عقل انان شبهه وجود داشته باشد ".
در حقیقت این ماده، دست قاضی را باز گذشته است تا حسب تشخیص خود برای افراد زیر هجده سال مجازات اعدام تعیین کند و اعدام یک کودک، کاملا به "نظر" یک قاضی بستگی پیدا میکند.
قانون جدید نسبت به قانون قبلی نکات مثبتی دارد ولی شاید آن را تنها یک قدم در راستای لغو مجازات اعدام برای افراد زیر هجده سال بتوان محسوب کرد. قدم ها باید برداشته شود تا اعدام افراد زیر هجده سال در نظام کنونی حاکم لغو گردد.
http://www.roozonline.com/persian/opinion/opinion-article/archive/2012/february/14/article/-929905a21d.html
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۲۲, شنبه
دو پادشاه در یک ملک
سری جدید پارازیت ( البته با "ط" دسته دار )، از جمعه ۱۰ فوریه به کارگردانی و اجرای "سامان اربابی"، آغاز شد. پارازیت ( با " ت " دو نقطه )، از برنامه های فوق العاده محبوب من بود. چیزی که پارازیت را از سایر برنامه ها برام متمایز میکرد، جنبه آگاهی بخشی و طنز آمیز توامش بود. خیلی موشکافانه اخبار هر هفته را با چاشنی طنز بیان میکرد و البته تجربه کارگردانی، بازیگری و خبرنگاری نویسنده و مجری اصلی برنامه ( کامبیز حسینی ) هم در این زمینه، قطعا بی تاثیر نبود. کامبیز هم جمعه در صفحه فیس بکش اعلام کرد که به زودی برنامه خودش را با عنوان " پارازیت " ( با همان " ت" دو نقطه ) از نیویورک پخش میکند. هنوز هیچ جزییاتی از این که از چه تلویزیونی و به چه صورت پخش میشه داده نشده البته . "پارازیط" سامان را این هفته دیدم. بد نبود، ولی پارازیت قبلی هم نبود و جای کامبیز و عصبانیت هایش و ... به وضوح خالی بود. البته من شدیدا به مثل معروف " عادت رسم بد ( یا شاید هم خوب ؟ ) روزگار است" ، اعتقاد دارم و میدونم که علیرغم کامنت های منفی که الان در فیس بوک گرفته ، به زودی خودش را در دل مخاطبینش جای میده . چند وقت پیش سر یک جریانی، داشتم به این موضوع فکر میکردم که چقدر راست گفته اند که " دو پادشاه در یک ملک نمیگنجند " ، میخواستم یادداشتی بنویسم در این زمینه و بنویسم که اگر هم بگنجند، خیلی موقتی یا جلو دوربین یا برای حفظ آبرو و ... میگنجند. حالا، به این بهانه اینجا آوردم .
فقط از آن جا، که خیلی به مثبت بینی و دیدن نیمه پر لیوان همیشه اعتقاد داشته ام ، میتونم بگم که شاید فقط جدا شدن پادشاهان یک ملک یک حسن داشته باشه. یاد دیالوگ " پگاه" در فیلم " سه زن" میفتم وقتی که از مزیت جدایی پدر و مادرش برای آن جوان کاوشگر صحبت میکرد :" میدونی، خیلی خوبه مامان بابای آدم از هم جدا شده باشند. یعنی واقعا جواب میده : هر دوتاشون خیلی به آدم میرسند. میترسند یک وقت خلاء اون یکی را احساس نکنی. یک پیشنهادی بهت میدم . ببین، اگه امکاناتش را داری ، یک ترتیبی بده ، مامان بابات زودتر از هم جداشند."
به هر حال ، جدایی پارازیت از پارازیط، هم شاید جواب بده و هر کدام برای این که خلاء آن یکی را احساس نکنیم، بیشتر به برنامه شان برسند. باید دید...
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۱۹, چهارشنبه
My Article on the Recent Harassment on the BBC Persian Staff
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۱۷, دوشنبه
تردید
همینجا مینویسم که یادم باشه، که روز یکشنبه ۵ فوریه ۲۰۱۲، خوابی دیدم که من را از یک تردید بزرگ دراورد: از دوراهی ای که باید انتخاب میکردم و با کلی مشورت و توسل به اصول روانشناسی، علمی، اخلاقی و اجتماعی، نمیتونستم انتخاب کنم، یا اقلا با اطمینان خاطر نمیتونستم انتخاب کنم. یا یکی را انتخاب میکردم ، دلم جای دیگری بود. یا آن یکی را انتخاب میکردم، تو دلم هزار بار دعا میکردم که یک چیزی بشه و راهش بسته بشه و با خیال راحت بگم حتما از حکمت بسته شده و ناچار از رحمت باید دیگری را رفت !
فقط یک خواب ساده : خانه دوبلکس ، پارکت قهوه ای ، زمین براق، زرشک پلو با مرغ، زنگ تلفن، صدای قدم های تند، پیتزای سرد شده، بوق ممتد ماشین پیغام گیر و دیگر هیچ.
انگار که شک داشته باشی بخوای فیلم سه ساعتی را وقت بگذاری که ببینی، و با کلی نقد و بررسی هم نفهمی که ارزش دیدن داره یا نه، اما یکدفعه با یک سکانس کوچیک از یک فیلم میفهمی که ارزشش را داره یا نه .
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۱۶, یکشنبه
اندر فواید سر خوشی های گاه و بی گاه
ز هشیاران عالم هر که را دیدم غمی دارد
دلا دیوانه شو، دیوانگی هم عالمی دارد
عکس از یک روز پاییزی در هاید پارک لندن
۱۳۹۰ بهمن ۱۲, چهارشنبه
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